{"id":13584,"date":"2016-01-21T04:05:06","date_gmt":"2016-01-21T04:05:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/?p=13584"},"modified":"2016-01-21T04:11:30","modified_gmt":"2016-01-21T04:11:30","slug":"massacre-kenya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/massacre-kenya","title":{"rendered":"10,000-year-old Fossils Hint At A Mass Prehistoric Massacre In Kenya"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"a6b39195b99473d6c9dd698db2668010\" data-index=\"1\" style=\"float: none; margin:2px 0 2px 0; text-align:center;\">\n<center>\r\n\r\n<script type='text\/javascript'>\r\nfunction ShorterThan(widthMax) {\r\n                if (screen.width < widthMax) {return true;}  \r\n                else {return false}\r\n    }\r\nvar LimitWidth = 728\r\nvar MobileZoneID = 348996\r\nvar DesktopZoneID = 348995   \r\n<!--\/\/<![CDATA[\r\n   document.MAX_ct0 ='';\r\n   var m3_u = (location.protocol=='https:'?'https:\/\/cas.criteo.com\/delivery\/ajs.php?':'https:\/\/cas.criteo.com\/delivery\/ajs.php?');\r\n   var m3_r = Math.floor(Math.random()*99999999999);\r\n   document.write (\"<scr\"+\"ipt type='text\/javascript' src='\"+m3_u);\r\n   if (ShorterThan(LimitWidth)) {document.write (\"zoneid=\"+MobileZoneID);} else {document.write (\"zoneid=\"+DesktopZoneID);}\r\n   document.write(\"&nodis=1\");\r\n   document.write ('&cb=' + m3_r);\r\n   if (document.MAX_used != ',') document.write (\"&exclude=\" + document.MAX_used);\r\n   document.write (document.charset ? '&charset='+document.charset : (document.characterSet ? '&charset='+document.characterSet : ''));\r\n   document.write (\"&loc=\" + escape(window.location));\r\n   if (document.referrer) document.write (\"&referer=\" + escape(document.referrer));\r\n   if (document.context) document.write (\"&context=\" + escape(document.context));\r\n   if ((typeof(document.MAX_ct0) != 'undefined') && (document.MAX_ct0.substring(0,4) == 'http')) {\r\n       document.write (\"&ct0=\" + escape(document.MAX_ct0));\r\n   }\r\n   if (document.mmm_fo) document.write (\"&mmm_fo=1\");\r\n   document.write (\"'><\/scr\"+\"ipt>\");\r\n\/\/]]>--><\/script>\r\n<\/center>\n<\/div>\n<p>10,000-year-old fossils were discovered on the shore of Lake Turkana in Kenya. A team of scientists from Cambridge University was surprised to see the condition of the remains &#8211; smashed skulls, skeletons that were clearly shot or stabbed. This evidence suggests that very violent deaths occurred. The scene shows that there was warfare among prehistoric hunter-gatherers, which is nearly unheard of.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>A violent scene<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The site was first discovered in 2012 but was just published <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/index.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in the journal Nature<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The scene, 30 kilometers from Lake Turkana in northern Kenya, shows an incredibly violent exchange. One man had a blade fragment lodged in his skull, the right side of his face and head smashed, and broken knees. Another man had two breaks in his skull. And there was a woman who was 6 to 9 months pregnant, with the fetus\u2019 skeleton still inside her body. She was also killed by a head injury. Her body position suggests that she was tied up prior to being killed. Others had injuries on their heads and necks most likely caused by arrows; six of the bodies were children. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13588\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13588\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-13588\" src=\"https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/01\/kenia2.jpg\" alt=\"source\" width=\"700\" height=\"526\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/01\/kenia2.jpg 494w, https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/01\/kenia2-85x64.jpg 85w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13588\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.derstandard.at\/t\/E494\/2016\/01\/20\/kenia2.jpg\">source<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><strong>What happened here?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is the earliest evidence of a violent confrontation among nomadic hunter-gatherers. War tends to occur only in more complex and settled societies. Marta Miraz\u00f3n Lahr led the team, who led the team, guessed: <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>\u00a0\u201cThe Nataruk massacre may have resulted from an attempt to seize resources \u2013 territory, women, children, food stored in pots \u2013 whose value was similar to those of later food-producing agricultural societies among whom violent attacks on settlements became part of life.\u201d<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The area around the lake had been very fertile at the time, and the pottery found at the site suggests the people were storing food. The team noted that there were no remains of older children. They might have been taken as captives. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13587\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13587\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-13587 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/01\/2831968953.jpg\" alt=\"2831968953\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/01\/2831968953.jpg 700w, https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/01\/2831968953-600x338.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/01\/2831968953-85x48.jpg 85w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13587\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/polopoly_fs\/7.1377561!\/image\/2831968953.jpg_gen\/derivatives\/headline_1218x685\/2831968953.jpg\">source<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><strong>Tracing the origin of human war<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Humans have always been violent, but when did it escalate to war? Experts have been debating this question for years. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;Evidence for inter-group violence among prehistoric hunter-gatherers is extremely rare,\u201d Lahr said. \u00a0\u201cThese human<\/strong> <strong>remains record the intentional killing of a small band of foragers with no deliberate burial, and provide unique evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among some prehistoric hunter-gatherers.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She argued that this type of violence may have been typical at the time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The co-author of the study, Professor Robert Foley, said:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><strong> \u201cI\u2019ve no doubt it is in our biology to be aggressive and lethal, just as it is to be deeply caring and loving. A lot of what we understand about human evolutionary biology suggests these are two sides of the same coin.\u201d<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are some who are skeptical of the conclusions. Douglas P. Fry, a professor of anthropology at the University of Alabama, said that more evidence is needed to classify this as war. He would like to see things like forts, villages built in defensible locations, specialized war weapons, or artistic depictions of battles before calling it warfare.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_13586\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13586\" style=\"width: 705px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-13586\" src=\"https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/01\/21turkana3-articlelarge-533x400.jpg\" alt=\"source\" width=\"705\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/01\/21turkana3-articlelarge-533x400.jpg 533w, https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/01\/21turkana3-articlelarge-533x400-85x64.jpg 85w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-13586\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/us.cdn01.mundotkm.com\/2016\/01\/21turkana3-articleLarge-533x400.jpg\">source<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/homo-naledi\">SEE ALSO:\u00a0A New Species Of Early Humans Was Discovered In South Africa.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<!--CusAds0-->\n<div style=\"font-size: 0px; height: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0; padding: 0; clear: both;\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>10,000-year-old fossils were discovered on the shore of Lake Turkana in Kenya. A team of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":13588,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[45],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>10,000-year-old Fossils Hint At A Mass Prehistoric Massacre In Kenya<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The evidence suggests that very violent deaths occurred.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.afrizap.com\/en\/massacre-kenya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"10,000-year-old Fossils Hint At A Mass Prehistoric Massacre In Kenya\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The evidence 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